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MSN vs. DNP: What’s the Difference?
Learn about the biggest differences between a Master of Science in Nursing and Doctor of Nursing Practice and determine the best degree pathway for you.
Comparing the MSN and DNP degrees
An MSN prepares registered nurses for specialty clinical, education or leadership roles, while a DNP is nursing's terminal degree: the highest degree level in the field. Herzing offers both DNP programs delivered online and MSN to DNP programs for nurses who already hold a master's, so the best fit depends on your current degree, career goals and timeline.
As the field of nursing continues to grow, the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is becoming a more popular option for advanced practice nurses looking to reach the highest heights in the field.
The Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) remains viable across many nursing specialties. But the DNP is picking up steam, and nursing students must seriously consider the doctoral level when planning their educational pathway.
Discover the main differences between an MSN and DNP degree:
Differences between an MSN and a DNP at a glance
| MSN (Master of Science in Nursing) | DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) | |
|---|---|---|
| Degree level | Master's-level, specialty-focused | Doctoral-level; nursing's terminal degree |
| Typical time to complete | At least 2 years (varies by school and track) | ~20 months full-time for MSN holders; 28–32 months for BSN holders, depending on track |
| Core hands-on component | Clinical practicum in your specialty | DNP Practice Project focused on practice improvement |
| Certification requirements today | Meets current requirements for most APRN certifications (FNP, PMHNP and others) | Not yet required for most APRN certifications, though the field is trending toward doctoral-level entry |
| Reported salary potential* | ~$106,000 median (2024 National Nursing Workforce Survey) | ~$115,000 median, about 8% higher (same survey) |
| Best for | Nurses specializing in a clinical, education or leadership focus without a doctoral commitment | Nurses pursuing nursing's highest credential, leadership roles, or preparing for evolving certification trends |
Terminology breakdown
Let’s start by identifying all the relevant terminology to define the meaning of all the acronyms and abbreviations:
- DNP stands for Doctorate of Nursing Practice
- MSN stands for Master of Science in Nursing
- APRN stands for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse, which encompasses Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM), and Nurse Practitioner (NP).
Not all MSN or DNP-prepared nurses are technically considered APRNs. For instance, nurse educators, leaders and administrators are not officially called APRNs.
The DNP is not the only doctoral degree option for nurses. There are also Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing and a Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS, or DNSc).
What's the Difference Between DNP and MSN Degree Levels?
An MSN degree continues to be a tried-and-true graduate-level pathway for students seeking to specialize in a particular field or become an APRN. Specialty MSN programs are designed to help you develop focused clinical skills in an area of your choosing, including nurse practitioner, nurse educator, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse administrator/leader.
The DNP degree is the next step up from an MSN degree.
The DNP represents a terminal degree, meaning it’s the highest degree you can earn in the field of nursing. Earn a DNP and you can best qualify for advanced nursing jobs and leadership opportunities across many different specialties.
Both MSN and DNP programs can be offered in distinct concentrations, such as various nurse practitioner specialties, executive/leadership, and nursing education, among others. However, available concentrations vary widely by school.
Curriculum differences
Both types of graduate-level degrees can cover similar topics in advanced practice nursing, but the difference lies in the scope of those topics.
However, a DNP program expands on concepts introduced in MSN programs, and includes a scholarly project as opposed to a clinical practicum.
Didactic classes
Master’s-level classes tend to focus on a particular aspect of clinical care, with some initial coursework in leadership and management.
DNP classes more thoroughly explore topics in nursing leadership, administration, informatics, systems-based practice, and improvement science. These are deeper dives into topics relevant across all advanced practice specialties.
Practical application
The most important hands-on component of an MSN program is typically a deep interdisciplinary clinical practicum experience. This is designed to prepare you best for clinical practice in your chosen specialty.
The key component of a DNP program is the scholarly project focusing on practice improvement. Herzing calls this the DNP Practice Project. You’ll identify and engage with a problem, discovering the process of how to create positive change in the nursing field.
This is a very broad comparison but represents the basic differences between MSN and DNP curriculums. Every school will tailor their programs uniquely based on their particular points of emphasis.
Do You Need a DNP to Become a Certified APRN?
Certification requirements vary by specialty—but keep close attention: the landscape is changing.
For instance, many advanced practice certifications to become a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), and many others do not yet require a doctoral-level degree. Right now, master’s degree graduates continue to be eligible to become different types of certified APRNs.
But that may be changing soon.
The nursing industry, recognizing the enhanced skills and abilities doctoral-prepared nurses bring to healthcare, has begun pushing towards DNP requirements in advanced practice roles.1 This change is likely directly influencing recent enrollment trends.
Enrollment trends
Master’s degree programs are more abundant and produced many more overall graduates in 2024. According to the AACN’s most recent Annual Survey:
| Nursing program | 2024 Programs | 2024 Graduates |
|---|---|---|
| Master's Programs | 655 | 50,157 |
| Doctor of Nursing Programs | 439 | 12,336 |
However, recent trends favor the DNP. There were more applications at the master’s level vs. the year prior (a 4.5% increase), but there was a much greater increase in applications to DNP programs (18.5%).
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How Does DNP Salary Potential Compare to MSN?
Because the DNP is the terminal degree in nursing, earning a DNP can potentially qualify you for top positions in the field of nursing, which can come with higher potential salaries.
According to the 2024 National Nursing Workforce Survey, registered nurses whose highest education was a DNP reported a median salary of about $115,000, 8% higher than the $106,000 median for those who had earned as much as a master's degree.
Medscape's 2024 APRN Compensation Report states nurse practitioners with a doctorate make about 8% more than those with a master's degree.2 Better pay represents just one of many potential benefits of earning a DNP.
How Long Do DNP Programs Take to Complete?
Program lengths ultimately vary by school, but expect it to take at least 2 years to earn either an MSN or DNP. It will take additional time for BSN holders to earn a DNP as they will need to complete both master's and doctoral-level classes.
Our DNP program for MSN graduates takes an average of 20 months to complete when attending full-time. Our BSN to DNP program can take anywhere from 28 to 32 months depending on the specialty track you choose.
Every DNP pathway at Herzing delivers its didactic coursework 100% online, with clinical experience completed in your own community, so you can pursue DNP programs online no matter where you live. For a closer look at how the online format works, see our Online DNP Program Guide.
Frequently Asked Questions
Admission requirements depend on where you're starting. If you already hold an MSN, Herzing's MSN to DNP program asks for a completed MSN and a minimum 3.0 GPA. If you're starting from a BSN, you'd apply through the BSN to DNP program instead, since you'll complete master's-level coursework before moving into doctoral-level work.
Both pathways use rolling admissions, so there's no application deadline to plan around. For a full breakdown by track, visit all DNP program options or request information to talk with an advisor about your background.
The BSN to DNP pathway is built for registered nurses who hold a BSN but haven't yet earned a master's. It combines master's- and doctoral-level coursework into one continuous program and typically takes 28 to 32 months. The MSN to DNP pathway is for nurses who already hold an MSN and move directly into doctoral-level coursework and the DNP Practice Project, which takes an average of 20 months full-time.
Both pathways offer the same specialty tracks, so your choice mostly comes down to where you're starting from. If you're not sure which fits, explore all MSN programs request information and an advisor can help map out the right pathway.
Yes, Herzing's DNP didactic coursework is delivered 100% online, so you can complete your classes from anywhere. You'll also complete hands-on clinical experience and a DNP Practice Project, which takes place in your own community rather than on a campus.
Herzing helps support your clinical placement process along the way. Learn more about how the online format works on the DNP program page or the Online DNP Program Guide.
Yes, Herzing University is institutionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (https://www.hlcommission.org), and The Doctor of Nursing practice program at Herzing University Madison is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (http://www.ccneaccreditation.org).
Because accreditation details can vary by campus and program, see Herzing's accreditation page for complete, location-specific accreditation statements before you apply.
Herzing offers multiple specialty tracks for DNP students, including Family Nurse Practitioner, Adult Gerontology Acute Care NP, Adult Gerontology Primary Care NP, Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Pediatric Primary Care NP, Women's Health NP, Public Health Nursing, Nursing Informatics and Nursing Leadership & Administration. Plus, a DNP option with no specialty track for nurses who want the terminal degree without a new certification focus.
Not every track is available through every pathway or campus. Review the full list of DNP program options or explore Nurse Practitioner programs to see which track fits your goals.
The DNP Practice Project is the doctoral-level equivalent of a capstone. Instead of a thesis, you identify a real practice-improvement problem and work through the process of creating positive change in a healthcare setting. It's designed to build your skills in improvement science, systems-based practice and evidence-based decision-making.
This project is what distinguishes DNP-level work from the clinical practicum you'd complete in an MSN program. Read more about how it fits into the curriculum on the DNP program page.
Herzing's MSN to DNP program takes an average of 20 months to complete when you're attending full-time. If you're starting from a BSN instead, the BSN to DNP pathway takes 28 to 32 months, depending on the track you choose.
Actual program length depends on your pace, transfer credits and chosen track. Request information to get a personalized timeline from an advisor.
Tuition varies by program and track, so the most accurate way to see your cost is through Herzing's Tuition & Financial Aid resources, including the Net Price Calculator.
Herzing offers scholarships, grants, military benefits and federal financial aid to students who qualify, and the enrollment fee is currently waived for the upcoming start. Visit Tuition & Financial Aid to review your options or connect with an advisor about what applies to you.
If you already hold an MSN, moving to a DNP lets you add nursing's terminal degree without repeating coursework you've completed. You can move directly into doctoral-level classes and your DNP Practice Project. Whether it's the right move depends on your specialty track, career goals and how your state or credentialing body is trending on doctoral requirements.
As the field moves toward doctoral-level preparation for advanced practice roles, many MSN-prepared nurses use the MSN to DNP pathway to help stay ahead of changing requirements. Request information to talk through your specific situation with an advisor.
Because the MSN to DNP pathway is built specifically for nurses who already hold an MSN, you move directly into doctoral-level coursework rather than repeating master's-level classes you've already completed. Additional transfer credit from other institutions is evaluated individually.
An admissions advisor can review your transcripts and give you a clear picture of what applies. Request information to start that conversation, or explore Graduate Admissions for general requirements.
Advanced practice nursing is evolving. Be prepared.
As industry standards change, the value of an MSN vs. a DNP degree will continue to evolve.
While MSN degrees continue to have utility, the future of advanced practice nursing is moving toward the doctoral level.
DNPs are poised to transform the future of healthcare. You can help become an essential part of that future.
Learn more about our online DNP program
1. For instance, the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) set a goal of 2025 to move all entry-level nurse practitioner education to the DNP degree.
2. McKenna, J. (2024, November 14). Ramping Up Take-Home Pay: Medscape APRN Compensation Report 2024. Medscape. https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2024-aprn-comp-report-6017708
* BLS pay estimates calculate the median annual wage for various occupations. Per the BLS the median wage for an occupation is: "The wage at which half of the workers in the occupation earned more than that amount, and half earned less. Median wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey." Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook 2025. BLS median wage estimates do not represent entry-level wages and/or salaries. Multiple factors, including prior experience, age, geographic market in which you want to work, and degree level and field, will affect career outcomes, including starting salary and earnings as an experienced employee. Herzing neither represents that its graduates will earn the median salaries calculated by BLS for a particular job nor guarantees that graduation from its program will result in a job, promotion, particular wage or salary, or other career growth.